No Genome is an Island Extra
References 10
10. Importance of Ecological Transitions in Triggering
Genome Change.
·
10.C.
Microbial infection and genotoxin activity.
o
Toxin molecule enters the
host cell nucleus by
mechanisms based on specific membrane interactions and nuclear
localization
signals (NLSs)
(Boesze-Battaglia, Alexander et al. 2016; Frisan 2016;
Boesze-Battaglia,
Walker et al. 2017).
o
Bacterial
outer membrane EVs transport CDT genotoxin (and potentially
other genotoxins):
the intestinal bacteria Escherichia
coli
(Bielaszewska, Ruter et al. 2017)
and Campylobacter jejuni
(Lindmark, Rompikuntal et al. 2009; Elmi, Watson et al.
2012)
as well as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which is known to infect the oral cavity
(Rompikuntal, Thay et al. 2012).
·
10.D. The
complex nature of genome instabilities in cancer cells.
o
Chromosome changes in
cancer (Albertson,
Collins et al. 2003; Mertens, Johansson et al. 2015; Seki,
Mizukami et al.
2015; Ye, Wang et al. 2015; Markowetz 2016; Menghi, Inaki et
al. 2016; Steele
2016; Chen, Singh et al. 2017; Kumar, Dillon et al. 2017;
Rangel, Forero-Castro
et al. 2017; Vargas-Rondon, Villegas et al. 2017; Bloomfield
and Duesberg 2018;
Grobner, Worst et al. 2018; Nattestad, Goodwin et al. 2018;
Viswanathan, Ha et
al. 2018; Yi and Ju 2018)
o
Chromothripsis
(Kloosterman, Hoogstraat et al. 2011; Magrangeas,
Avet-Loiseau et al.
2011; Chen, Ferec et al. 2012; Forment, Kaidi et al. 2012;
Jones and Jallepalli
2012; Kloosterman, Tavakoli-Yaraki et al. 2012; Molenaar,
Koster et al. 2012;
Bassaganyas, Bea et al. 2013; Boeva, Jouannet et al. 2013;
Kloosterman and
Cuppen 2013; Korbel and Campbell 2013; Zhang, Leibowitz et al.
2013; Cai, Kumar
et al. 2014; Kloosterman, Koster et al. 2014; McEvoy,
Nagahawatte et al. 2014;
Pellestor, Gatinois et al. 2014; Pellestor, Gatinois et al.
2014; de Pagter and
Kloosterman 2015; de Pagter, van Roosmalen et al. 2015;
Furgason, Koncar et al.
2015; Leibowitz, Zhang et al. 2015; Maciejowski, Li et al.
2015; Terzoudi,
Karakosta et al. 2015; Weckselblatt, Hermetz et al. 2015;
Zhang, Spektor et al.
2015; Hatch 2016; Nazaryan-Petersen, Bertelsen et al. 2016;
Poot 2016; Rode,
Maass et al. 2016; Storchova and Kloosterman 2016; Collins,
Brand et al. 2017;
Ly and Cleveland 2017; Middelkamp, van Heesch et al. 2017;
Poot 2017)
o
Chromoplexy.
88% of prostate tumors displayed inter-chromosomal rearrangement
chains of 10
or more breakpoints, 63% contained two or more chains, and 39%
of all prostate
cancer chromosome rearrangements came from chromoplectic chains.
(Baca, Prandi et al. 2013)
o
Kataegis.
Predominantly C-to-T transitions, as expected for C-to-U
deamination
products, and are
largely fixed on
the same DNA strand, a sign of catalytic processivity.
(Chan and
Gordenin 2015; Chan, Roberts et al. 2015; Kazanov, Roberts
et al. 2015;
Rebhandl, Huemer et al. 2015; Shlien, Campbell et al. 2015;
Swanton, McGranahan
et al. 2015; Casellas, Basu et al. 2016)
o
Cell fusions. (Lu and Kang
2009) (Platt, Zhou
et al. 2016) ((Rachkovsky,
Sodi et al. 1998) (Lu and Kang
2007) (Pawelek and
Chakraborty 2008) (Pawelek and
Chakraborty 2008) (Pawelek 2014) (Choi 2009) (Lu and Kang
2009) (Lu and Kang
2009) (Gast, Silk et
al. 2018) (Rappa,
Mercapide et al. 2012) (LaBerge,
Duvall et al. 2017) (Chitty,
Filipe et al. 2018) )
§
entosis
(autophagy) (Overholtzer,
Mailleux et al. 2007),
§
DNA
exchange (Searles,
Santosa et al. 2018),
§
virus-linked
fusion (Parris 2005) (Duelli and
Lazebnik 2007) (Gao and Zheng
2011),
§
role of Syncytin
1 (Duelli and
Lazebnik 2003),
§
MAPK
signalling (Dudin,
Merlini et al. 2016),
§
tumor
evolution (Zhou, Merchak
et al. 2015),
§
linked
to inflammation (Johansson,
Youssef et al. 2008),
§
radiation-induced
(Nygren, Liuba
et al. 2008),
§
polyploid/WGD/aneuploid
oncogenesis
(Fujiwara,
Bandi et al. 2005) (Fujiwara,
Bandi et al. 2005) (Margolis
2005) (Lim and Ganem
2014)
·
Mutational
events observed in real-time tumor evolution also found in the
germlines of
healthy individuals
(Goodman 2016) (Abrusan,
Szilagyi et al. 2013; Pellestor, Gatinois et al. 2014;
Weckselblatt, Hermetz et
al. 2015; Fukami, Shima et al. 2017; Middelkamp, van Heesch
et al. 2017; Poot
2017)
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