INTRODUCTION: Taking a fresh look at the basics of evolution in the new century

Evolutionary Reconceptualization

(Driesch 1908; Weiss 1973; Stebbins and Ayala 1981; McClintock 1984; Gould 2002; Zuckerkandl 2002; Carroll 2005; Ho and Ulanowicz 2005; Jablonka 2005; Kurakin 2005; Jablonka and Lamb 2007; Koonin 2007; Pigliucci 2007; Sapp 2007; Zuckerkandl and Cavalli 2007; Carroll 2008; Depew 2008; Pigliucci 2008; Stern and Orgogozo 2008; Caporale 2009; Koonin 2009; Koonin 2009; Koonin and Wolf 2009; Mattick 2009; Penzlin 2009; Pigliucci 2009; Ryan 2009; Ryan 2009; Ayala 2010; Cloud 2010; Fusco and Minelli 2010; Hunter 2010; Kupiec 2010; Kurakin 2010; Lewens 2010; Mattick, Taft et al. 2010; Moczek 2010; Pigliucci 2010; Ruiz-Mirazo, Pereto et al. 2010; Talbott 2010; Badyaev 2011; Barham 2011; Chen and Lin 2011; Depew and Weber 2011; Kurakin 2011; Talbott 2011)

Non-DNA inheritance

(Weiss 1969; Weiss 1971; Weiss 1972; Sathananthan 1997; Iftode and Fleury-Aubusson 2003; Roberts and Wickner 2003; Terada 2004; Satpute-Krishnan and Serio 2005; Satpute-Krishnan, Langseth et al. 2007; Boulinier and Staszewski 2008; Evsikov and Marin de Evsikova 2009; Knight and Pinney 2009; Wei and Seemann 2009; Azimzadeh and Marshall 2010; Derdowski, Sindi et al. 2010; Fujimoto, Saito et al. 2010; Tuite and Serio 2010; van Breugel, Hirono et al. 2011)

            Ciliate cortex and cell structural templating: (Sonneborn 1943; Sonneborn 1948; Sonneborn 1948; Sonneborn 1948; Sonneborn and Lesuer 1948; Sonneborn 1949; Sonneborn 1950; Sonneborn 1950; Sonneborn 1950; Sonneborn 1951; Sonneborn 1955; Beisson and Sonneborn 1965; Nanney 1966; Sonneborn 1967; Sonneborn 1970; Tamm, Sonneborn et al. 1975; Ng and Frankel 1977; Sonneborn 1977; Sonneborn 1978; Aufderheide, Frankel et al. 1980; Harold 1990; Lwoff 1990; Sapp 1991; Elias 2010; Fletcher and Mullins 2010; Lacomble, Vaughan et al. 2010; Vaughan 2010; Gluenz, Povelones et al. 2011; Marshall 2011)

            Centrioles/centrosomes: (Sathananthan, Ratnam et al. 1996; Sapp 1998; Chapman, Dolan et al. 2000; Iftode and Fleury-Aubusson 2003; Tsou and Stearns 2006; Feldman, Geimer et al. 2007; Nakazawa, Hiraki et al. 2007; Salisbury 2007; Uetake, Loncarek et al. 2007; Dobbelaere, Josue et al. 2008; Rodrigues-Martins, Riparbelli et al. 2008; Song, Miliaras et al. 2008; Strnad and Gonczy 2008; Wilson 2008; Bettencourt-Dias and Glover 2009; Cunha-Ferreira, Bento et al. 2009; Loncarek and Khodjakov 2009; Marshall 2009; Riparbelli, Dallai et al. 2009; Azimzadeh and Marshall 2010; Carvalho-Santos, Machado et al. 2010; Debec, Sullivan et al. 2010; Dzhindzhev, Yu et al. 2010; Hatch and Stearns 2010; Hodges, Scheumann et al. 2010; Kitagawa, Fluckiger et al. 2011; Kobayashi and Dynlacht 2011; Lampert and Westermann 2011; Nigg and Stearns 2011; Pagan and Pagano 2011; Puklowski, Homsi et al. 2011; Song, Liu et al. 2011; van Breugel, Hirono et al. 2011; Wang, Soni et al. 2011; Azimzadeh, Wong et al. 2012)

            Other cell organelles: (Wei and Seemann 2009)

            Prions: