Table II.8. Genomic responses to changes in ploidy and interspecific hybridization in plants and animals.

Plant Taxon

Genomic response

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Genome expansion and retrotransposon proliferation in sunflower hybrids (Ungerer, Strakosh et al. 2009)

Chromosomal repatterning and the evolution of sterility barriers in hybrid sunflower species (Lai, Nakazato et al. 2005)

Rapid chromosome evolution in polyploids (Lim, Soltis et al. 2008)

Grasses

Altered methylation patterns and chromosome restructuring in hybrids (Salmon, Ainouche et al. 2005)

Potato

Genome instability in hybrids (Marfil, Masuelli et al. 2006)

Nicotiana spp. (tobacco)

Elimination of repeated DNA in a synthetic allotetraploid (Skalicka, Lim et al. 2005)

Rice

Extensive genomic variability induced by introgression from wild rice (Wang, Dong et al. 2005)

LTR retrotransposon movements in rice lines introgressed by wild rice (Shen, Lin et al. 2005)

Retrotransposon activation following introgression (Liu and Wendel 2000)

Incompatible crosspollination leading to transgenerational mobilization of multiple transposable elements (Wang, Chai et al. 2009)

Transpositional activation of mPing in an asymmetric nuclear somatic cell hybrid of rice and Zizania latifolia accompanied by massive element loss. (Shan, Ou et al. 2009)

Brassica

Rapid genome change in synthetic polyploids (Song, Lu et al. 1995)

Large scale chromosome restructuring (Kantama, Sharbel et al. 2007)

Wheat (Feldman and Levy 2005)

Sequence loss and cytosine methylation following hybridization and allopolyploidy (Shaked, Kashkush et al. 2001)

Rapid genome evolution following allopolyploidy (Ozkan, Levy et al. 2001)

Parental repeat elimination in newly synthesized allopolyploids (Han, Fedak et al. 2005)

Rapid genomic changes in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids and allopolyploids (Han, Fedak et al. 2003)

Arabidopsis

Chromosome rearrangements after allotetraploid formation (Pontes, Neves et al. 2004)

Aneuploidy and genetic variation in the Arabidopsis thaliana triploid response. (Henry, Dilkes et al. 2005)

Genomic changes in synthetic polyploids (Madlung, Tyagi et al. 2005)

Animal Taxon

Genomic Response

Drosophila spp.

Increased retrotransposition in interspecific hybrid (Labrador, Farre et al. 1999)

Macropus marsupials

Centromere instability in interspecific hybrids (Metcalfe, Bulazel et al. 2007)

Wallabies

Chromosome remodeling in interspecific hybrids (O'Neill, O'Neill et al. 1998)

Mouse

Amplification and double minutes in a hybrid (Brown, Strbuncelj et al. 2002)

Rice fish (medaka)

Chromosome elimination in an interspecific hybrid (Sakai, Konno et al. 2007)

Odontophrynus americanus (amphibian)

Chromosome instabilities and centromere dysfunction in tetraploids (Becak and Becak 1998; Becak and Kobashi 2004)