![[ James A. Shapiro ]](http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/JimInHisBeret.12.2008.jpg) |
James A.
Shapiro |
![[ The Division of Biological Sciences ]](http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/BSDLogoLevel2.gif) |
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
(Fawcett,
Lister et al. 1986; Sezutsu,
Nitasaka et al. 1995; Feng, Moran et
al. 1996; Higashiyama,
Noutoshi et al. 1997; Naas,
DeBerardinis et al. 1998; Kimura,
Choudary et al. 1999; Noma, Ohtsubo
et al. 1999; Schmidt 1999;
Szafranski,
Glockner et al. 1999; Bailey, Carrel
et al. 2000; Esnault,
Maestre et al. 2000; Gilbert and
Labuda 2000; Sheen, Sherry
et al. 2000; Tchenio,
Casella et al. 2000; Ferrigno,
Virolle et al. 2001; Kimura,
Choudary et al. 2001; Ostertag and
Kazazian 2001; Yu, Zingler et
al. 2001; Yu, Zingler et
al. 2001; Bibillo and
Eickbush 2002; Cost, Feng et
al. 2002; Gilbert,
Lutz-Prigge et al. 2002; Moran and
Gilbert 2002; Morrish 2002;
Morrish,
Gilbert et al. 2002; Myers 2002;
Ogiwara, Miya
et al. 2002; Lutz, Vincent
et al. 2003; Ostertag,
Goodier et al. 2003; Duvernell,
Pryor et al. 2004; DeCerbo and
Carmichael 2005; Dewannieux and
Heidmann 2005; Grahn,
Rinehart et al. 2005; Han and Boeke
2005; Jurka, Kohany
et al. 2005; Kale, Moore et
al. 2005; Krull, Brosius
et al. 2005; Kulpa and
Moran 2005; Lenoir,
Pelissier et al. 2005; Martin,
Cruceanu et al. 2005; Martin, Li et
al. 2005; Ohshima and
Okada 2005; Wang, Xing et
al. 2005; Watanabe,
Kobayashi et al. 2005; Zingler,
Willhoeft et al. 2005; Beraldi,
Pittoggi et al. 2006; Ding, Lin et
al. 2006; Nishihara,
Smit et al. 2006; Piskurek,
Austin et al. 2006; Babushok and
Kazazian 2007; Buzdin,
Gogvadze et al. 2007; Dramard,
Heidmann et al. 2007; Garcia-Perez
2007; Garcia-Perez,
Doucet et al. 2007; Goodier, Zhang
et al. 2007; Gu, Ray et al.
2007; Jurka,
Kapitonov et al. 2007; Kinoshita,
Saze et al. 2007; Kriegs,
Churakov et al. 2007; Lunyak,
Prefontaine et al. 2007; Morrish,
Garcia-Perez et al. 2007; Perrin,
Ballestar et al. 2007; Ramos, He et
al. 2007; Repanas,
Zingler et al. 2007; Santangelo, de
Souza et al. 2007; Veniaminova,
Vassetzky et al. 2007; Belancio,
Hedges et al. 2008; Cantrell,
Scott et al. 2008; Cordaux 2008;
Eickbush and
Jamburuthugoda 2008; Ogino,
Kawasaki et al. 2008; Sasaki,
Nishihara et al. 2008; Wallace,
Wagstaff et al. 2008; Bantysh and
Buzdin 2009; Belancio,
Deininger et al. 2009; Damert, Raiz
et al. 2009; Dong, Poulter
et al. 2009; Hirakawa,
Nishihara et al. 2009; Khazina and
Weichenrieder 2009; Kroutter,
Belancio et al. 2009; Montoya-Durango,
Liu
et al. 2009; Novick,
Basta et al. 2009; Novikova,
Fet et al. 2009; Piskurek,
Nishihara
et al. 2009; Rangwala, Zhang et al. 2009;
Ray, Platt et
al. 2009; Suzuki,
Yamaguchi et al. 2009; Bao and Jurka
2010; Beck, Collier
et al. 2010; Belancio,
Roy-Engel et al. 2010; Chow, Ciaudo
et al. 2010; Del Re,
Marcantonio et al. 2010; Doucet, Hulme
et al. 2010; Doucet, Hulme
et al. 2010; Gladyshev and
Arkhipova 2010; Han 2010;
Hancks and
Kazazian 2010; Konkel and
Batzer 2010; Kvikstad and
Makova 2010; Ponicsan,
Kugel et al. 2010; Rouchka,
Montoya-Durango et al. 2010; Singer,
McConnell et al. 2010; St Laurent,
Hammell et al. 2010; Cowley, de
Burca et al. 2011; De Fazio,
Bartonicek et al. 2011; Granzotto,
Lopes et al. 2011; Grechko,
Kosushkin et al. 2011; Hancks,
Goodier et al. 2011; Jurka, Bao et
al. 2011; Kumari, Sharma
et al. 2011; Pardue and
Debaryshe 2011; Raiz, Damert
et al. 2011; Tashiro,
Teissier et al. 2011; Walters-Conte,
Johnson
et al. 2011; Kines
and Belancio 2012)
REFERENCES
Babushok,
D.
V. and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. (2007). "Progress in
understanding the biology of the human mutagen LINE-1." Hum
Mutat 28(6):
527-539. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17309057.
Bailey,
J. A., L. Carrel, et al. (2000). "Molecular evidence for a
relationship between LINE-1 elements and X chromosome
inactivation: the Lyon repeat hypothesis." Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 97(12): 6634-6639. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841562.
Bantysh,
O. B. and A. A. Buzdin (2009). "Novel Family of Human
Transposable Elements Formed Due to Fusion of the First Exon
of Gene MAST2 with Retrotransposon SVA." Biochemistry
(Mosc) 74(12):
1393-1399. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19961423.
Bao,
W. and J. Jurka (2010). "Origin and evolution of LINE-1
derived "half-L1" retrotransposons (HAL1)." Gene 465(1-2): 9-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20600705.
Beck,
C. R., P. Collier, et al. (2010). "LINE-1 retrotransposition
activity in human genomes." Cell 141(7): 1159-1170.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602998.
Belancio,
V.
P., P. L. Deininger, et al. (2009). "LINE dancing in the
human genome: transposable elements and disease." Genome
Med\ 1\(10\):
97\. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19863772\.
Belancio,
V.
P., D. J. Hedges, et al. (2008). "Mammalian non-LTR
retrotransposons: for better or worse, in sickness and in
health." Genome Res 18(3): 343-358. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256243.
Belancio,
V.
P., A. M. Roy-Engel, et al. (2010). "Somatic expression of
LINE-1 elements in human tissues." Nucleic Acids Res\
38\(12\):
3909-3922\. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20215437\.
Beraldi,
R.,
C. Pittoggi, et al. (2006). "Expression of LINE-1
retroposons is essential for murine preimplantation
development." Mol Reprod Dev\ 73(3): 279-287. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16365895.
Bibillo,
A. and T. H. Eickbush (2002). "The reverse transcriptase of
the R2 non-LTR retrotransposon: continuous synthesis of cDNA
on non-continuous RNA templates." J Mol Biol 316(3): 459-473. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11866511.
Buzdin,
A., E. Gogvadze, et al. (2007). "Chimeric retrogenes suggest
a role for the nucleolus in LINE amplification." FEBS
Lett 581(16):
2877-2882. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560999.
Cantrell,
M.
A., L. Scott, et al. (2008). "Loss of LINE-1 activity in the
megabats." Genetics 178(1): 393-404. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202382.
Chow,
J. C., C. Ciaudo, et al. (2010). "LINE-1 activity in
facultative heterochromatin formation during X chromosome
inactivation." Cell 141(6): 956-969. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20550932.
Cordaux,
R. (2008). "The human genome in the LINE of fire." Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A\ 105\(49\):
19033-19034\. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19057007\.
Cost,
G. J., Q. Feng, et al. (2002). "Human L1 element
target-primed reverse transcription in vitro." Embo J
21(21):
5899-5910. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411507.
Cowley,
M., A. de Burca, et al. (2011). "Short Interspersed Element
(SINE) Depletion and Long Interspersed Element (LINE)
Abundance Are Not Features Universally Required for
Imprinting." PLoS One 6(4): e18953. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21533089.
Damert,
A., J. Raiz, et al. (2009). "5'-Transducing SVA
retrotransposon groups spread efficiently throughout the
human genome." Genome Res 19(11): 1992-2008.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19652014.
De
Fazio, S., N. Bartonicek, et al. (2011). "The endonuclease
activity of Mili fuels piRNA amplification that silences
LINE1 elements." Nature. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020280.
DeCerbo,
J. and G. G. Carmichael (2005). "SINEs point to abundant
editing in the human genome." Genome Biol 6(4): 216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15833131.
Del
Re, B., P. Marcantonio, et al. (2010). "Evaluation of LINE-1
mobility in neuroblastoma cells by in vitro
retrotransposition reporter assay: FACS analysis can detect
only the tip of the iceberg of the inserted L1 elements." Exp
Cell Res 316(20):
3358-3367. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20620136.
Dewannieux,
M.
and T. Heidmann (2005). "LINEs, SINEs and processed
pseudogenes: parasitic strategies for genome modeling." Cytogenet
Genome Res 110(1-4):
35-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093656.
Ding,
W., L. Lin, et al. (2006). "L1 elements, processed
pseudogenes and retrogenes in mammalian genomes." IUBMB
Life 58(12):
677-685. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17424906.
Dong,
C., R. T. Poulter, et al. (2009). "LINE-like
retrotransposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics
181(1): 301-311.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957700.
Doucet,
A. J., A. E. Hulme, et al. (2010). "Characterization of
LINE-1 ribonucleoprotein particles." PLoS Genet 6(10). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949108.
Dramard,
X.,
T. Heidmann, et al. (2007). "Natural epigenetic protection
against the I-factor, a Drosophila LINE retrotransposon, by
remnants of ancestral invasions." PLoS One 2(3): e304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375190.
Duvernell,
D.
D., S. R. Pryor, et al. (2004). "Teleost fish genomes
contain a diverse array of L1 retrotransposon lineages that
exhibit a low copy number and high rate of turnover." J
Mol Evol 59(3):
298-308. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15553085.
Eickbush,
T.
H. and V. K. Jamburuthugoda (2008). "The diversity of
retrotransposons and the properties of their reverse
transcriptases." Virus Res 134(1-2): 221-234.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18261821.
Esnault,
C.,
J. Maestre, et al. (2000). "Human LINE retrotransposons
generate processed pseudogenes." Nat Genet 24(4): 363-367. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742098.
Fawcett,
D. H., C. K. Lister, et al. (1986). "Transposable elements
controlling I-R hybrid dysgenesis in D. melanogaster are
similar to mammalian LINEs." Cell 47(6): 1007-1015.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2430722.
Feng,
Q., J. V. Moran, et al. (1996). "Human L1 retrotransposon
encodes a conserved endonuclease required for
retrotransposition." Cell 87(5): 905-916. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8945517.
Ferrigno,
O.,
T. Virolle, et al. (2001). "Transposable B2 SINE elements
can provide mobile RNA polymerase II promoters." Nat
Genet 28(1):
77-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326281.
Garcia-Perez,
J.
L. (2007). "LINE-1 retrotransposition in human embryonic
stem cells." Hum. Mol. Genet. 16: 1569-1577. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17468180.
Garcia-Perez,
J.
L., A. J. Doucet, et al. (2007). "Distinct mechanisms for
trans-mediated mobilization of cellular RNAs by the LINE-1
reverse transcriptase." Genome Res 17(5): 602-611. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17416749.
Gilbert,
N. and D. Labuda (2000). "Evolutionary inventions and
continuity of CORE-SINEs in mammals." J Mol Biol 298(3): 365-377.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10772856.
Gilbert,
N.,
S. Lutz-Prigge, et al. (2002). "Genomic deletions created
upon LINE-1 retrotransposition." Cell 110(3): 315-325. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176319.
Gladyshev,
E.
A. and I. R. Arkhipova (2010). "A subtelomeric non-LTR
retrotransposon Hebe in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga is
subject to inactivation by deletions but not 5'
truncations." Mob DNA 1(1): 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20359339.
Goodier,
J. L., L. Zhang, et al. (2007). "LINE-1 ORF1 protein
localizes in stress granules with other RNA-binding
proteins, including components of RNA interference
RNA-induced silencing complex." Mol Cell Biol 27(18): 6469-6483.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17562864.
Grahn,
R. A., T. A. Rinehart, et al. (2005). "Extinction of LINE-1
activity coincident with a major mammalian radiation in
rodents." Cytogenet Genome Res 110(1-4): 407-415.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093693.
Granzotto,
A.,
F. R. Lopes, et al. (2011). "Vertical inheritance and bursts
of transposition have shaped the evolution of the BS non-LTR
retrotransposon in Drosophila." Mol Genet Genomics 286(1): 57-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21618036.
Grechko,
V. V., S. A. Kosushkin, et al. (2011). "Short interspersed
elements (SINEs) of squamate reptiles (Squam1 and Squam2):
structure and phylogenetic significance." J Exp Zool B
Mol Dev Evol 316B(3):
212-226. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462315.
Gu,
W., D. A. Ray, et al. (2007). "SINEs, evolution and genome
structure in the opossum." Gene 396(1): 46-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17442506.
Han,
J. S. (2010). "Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR)
retrotransposons: mechanisms, recent developments, and
unanswered questions." Mob DNA 1(1): 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462415.
Han,
J. S. and J. D. Boeke (2005). "LINE-1 retrotransposons:
modulators of quantity and quality of mammalian gene
expression?" Bioessays 27(8): 775-784. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16015595.
Hancks,
D. C., J. L. Goodier, et al. (2011). "Retrotransposition of
marked SVA elements by human L1s in cultured cells." Hum
Mol Genet 20(17):
3386-3400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636526.
Hancks,
D. C. and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. (2010). "SVA retrotransposons:
Evolution and genetic instability." Semin Cancer Biol
20(4): 234-245.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20416380.
Higashiyama,
T.,
Y. Noutoshi, et al. (1997). "Zepp, a LINE-like
retrotransposon accumulated in the Chlorella telomeric
region." Embo J 16(12): 3715-3723.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9218812.
Hirakawa,
M.,
H. Nishihara, et al. (2009). "Characterization and
evolutionary landscape of AmnSINE1 in Amniota genomes." Gene
441(1-2):
100-110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166919.
Jurka,
J., W. Bao, et al. (2011). "Families of transposable
elements, population structure and the origin of species." Biol
Direct 6:
44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21929767.
Jurka,
J., V. V. Kapitonov, et al. (2007). "Repetitive sequences in
complex genomes: structure and evolution." Annu Rev
Genomics Hum Genet 8: 241-259. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506661.
Jurka,
J., O. Kohany, et al. (2005). "Clustering, duplication and
chromosomal distribution of mouse SINE retrotransposons." Cytogenet
Genome Res 110(1-4):
117-123. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093663.
Kale,
S. P., L. Moore, et al. (2005). "Heavy metals stimulate
human LINE-1 retrotransposition." Int J Environ Res
Public Health 2(1):
14-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705797.
Khazina,
E. and O. Weichenrieder (2009). "Non-LTR retrotransposons
encode noncanonical RRM domains in their first open reading
frame." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(3): 731-736. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19139409.
Kimura,
R. H., P. V. Choudary, et al. (1999). "Silk worm Bm1 SINE
RNA increases following cellular insults." Nucleic Acids
Res 27(16):
3380-3387. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454647.
Kimura,
R. H., P. V. Choudary, et al. (2001). "Stress induction of
Bm1 RNA in silkworm larvae: SINEs, an unusual class of
stress genes." Cell Stress Chaperones 6(3): 263-272. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11599568.
Kines,
K. J. and V. P. Belancio (2012). "Expressing genes do not
forget their LINEs: transposable elements and gene
expression." Front Biosci 17: 1329-1344. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22201807.
Kinoshita,
Y.,
H. Saze, et al. (2007). "Control of FWA gene silencing in
Arabidopsis thaliana by SINE-related direct repeats." Plant
J 49(1):
38-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17144899.
Konkel,
M. K. and M. A. Batzer (2010). "A mobile threat to genome
stability: The impact of non-LTR retrotransposons upon the
human genome." Semin Cancer Biol 20(4): 211-221. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20307669.
Kriegs,
J. O., G. Churakov, et al. (2007). "Evolutionary history of
7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates." Trends Genet
23(4): 158-161.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17307271.
Kroutter,
E.
N., V. P. Belancio, et al. (2009). "The RNA polymerase
dictates ORF1 requirement and timing of LINE and SINE
retrotransposition." PLoS Genet 5(4): e1000458. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390602.
Krull,
M., J. Brosius, et al. (2005). "Alu-SINE exonization: en
route to protein-coding function." Mol Biol Evol 22(8): 1702-1711.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901843.
Kumari,
V., R. Sharma, et al. (2011). "Differential distribution of
a SINE element in the Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba
dispar genomes: role of the LINE-encoded endonuclease." BMC
Genomics 12:
267. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21612594.
Kvikstad,
E.
M. and K. D. Makova (2010). "The (r)evolution of SINE versus
LINE distributions in primate genomes: sex chromosomes are
important." Genome Res 20(5): 600-613. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219940.
Lenoir,
A., T. Pelissier, et al. (2005). "Comparative evolution
history of SINEs in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica
oleracea: evidence for a high rate of SINE loss." Cytogenet
Genome Res 110(1-4):
441-447. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093696.
Lunyak,
V. V., G. G. Prefontaine, et al. (2007). "Developmentally
regulated activation of a SINE B2 repeat as a domain
boundary in organogenesis." Science 317(5835):
248-251. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626886.
Lutz,
S. M., B. J. Vincent, et al. (2003). "Allelic heterogeneity
in LINE-1 retrotransposition activity." Am J Hum Genet
73(6):
1431-1437. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14610717.
Martin,
S. L., M. Cruceanu, et al. (2005). "LINE-1
retrotransposition requires the nucleic acid chaperone
activity of the ORF1 protein." J Mol Biol 348(3): 549-561. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15826653.
Martin,
S. L., W. L. Li, et al. (2005). "The structures of mouse and
human L1 elements reflect their insertion mechanism." Cytogenet
Genome Res 110(1-4):
223-228. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093676.
Montoya-Durango,
D.
E., Y. Liu, et al. (2009). "Epigenetic control of mammalian
LINE-1 retrotransposon by retinoblastoma proteins." Mutat
Res 665(1-2):
20-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19427507.
Morrish,
T. A., J. L. Garcia-Perez, et al. (2007).
"Endonuclease-independent LINE-1 retrotransposition at
mammalian telomeres." Nature 446(7132):
208-212. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17344853.
Morrish,
T. A., N. Gilbert, et al. (2002). "DNA repair mediated by
endonuclease-independent LINE-1 retrotransposition." Nat
Genet 31(2):
159-165. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006980.
Naas,
T. P., R. J. DeBerardinis, et al. (1998). "An actively
retrotransposing, novel subfamily of mouse L1 elements." Embo
J 17(2):
590-597. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430649.
Nishihara,
H.,
A. F. Smit, et al. (2006). "Functional noncoding sequences
derived from SINEs in the mammalian genome." Genome Res\
16\(7\):
864-874\. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16717141\.
Noma,
K., E. Ohtsubo, et al. (1999). "Non-LTR retrotransposons
(LINEs) as ubiquitous components of plant genomes." Mol
Gen Genet 261(1):
71-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10071212.
Novick,
P. A., H. Basta, et al. (2009). "The evolutionary dynamics
of autonomous non-LTR retrotransposons in the lizard Anolis
carolinensis shows more similarity to fish than mammals." Mol
Biol Evol 26(8):
1811-1822. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19420048.
Novikova,
O.,
V. Fet, et al. (2009). "Non-LTR retrotransposons in fungi."
Funct Integr Genomics 9(1): 27-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18677522.
Ogino,
S., T. Kawasaki, et al. (2008). "LINE-1 hypomethylation is
inversely associated with microsatellite instability and CpG
island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer." Int J
Cancer 122(12):
2767-2773. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366060.
Ogiwara,
I.,
M. Miya, et al. (2002). "V-SINEs: a new superfamily of
vertebrate SINEs that are widespread in vertebrate genomes
and retain a strongly conserved segment within each
repetitive unit." Genome Res 12(2): 316-324. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11827951.
Ohshima,
K. and N. Okada (2005). "SINEs and LINEs: symbionts of
eukaryotic genomes with a common tail." Cytogenet Genome
Res 110(1-4):
475-490. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093701.
Ostertag,
E.
M., J. L. Goodier, et al. (2003). "SVA elements are
nonautonomous retrotransposons that cause disease in
humans." Am J Hum Genet 73(6): 1444-1451.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628287.
Ostertag,
E.
M. and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. (2001). "Biology of mammalian L1
retrotransposons." Annu Rev Genet\ 35\: 501-538\. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11700292\.
Pardue,
M. L. and P. Debaryshe (2011). "Adapting to life at the end
of the line: How Drosophila telomeric retrotransposons cope
with their job." Mob Genet Elements 1(2): 128-134. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016861.
Perrin,
D., E. Ballestar, et al. (2007). "Specific hypermethylation
of LINE-1 elements during abnormal overgrowth and
differentiation of human placenta." Oncogene 26(17): 2518-2524.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17043645.
Piskurek,
O.,
C. C. Austin, et al. (2006). "Sauria SINEs: Novel short
interspersed retroposable elements that are widespread in
reptile genomes." J Mol Evol 62(5): 630-644. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16612539.
Piskurek,
O.,
H. Nishihara, et al. (2009). "The evolution of two partner
LINE/SINE families and a full-length chromodomain-containing
Ty3/Gypsy LTR element in the first reptilian genome of
Anolis carolinensis." Gene 441(1-2): 111-118.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19118606.
Ponicsan,
S.
L., J. F. Kugel, et al. (2010). "Genomic gems: SINE RNAs
regulate mRNA production." Curr Opin Genet Dev 20(2): 149-155. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176473.
Raiz,
J., A. Damert, et al. (2011). "The non-autonomous
retrotransposon SVA is trans-mobilized by the human LINE-1
protein machinery." Nucleic Acids Res. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053090.
Ramos,
K. S., Q. He, et al. (2007). "Computational and biological
inference of gene regulatory networks of the LINE-1 retrotransposon."
Genomics 90(2):
176-185. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17521869.
Rangwala,
S.
H., L. Zhang, et al. (2009). "Many LINE1 elements contribute
to the transcriptome of human somatic cells." Genome
Biol 10(9):
R100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19772661.
Ray,
D. A., R. N. Platt, et al. (2009). "Reading between the
LINEs to see into the past." Trends Genet 25(11): 475-479. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837475.
Repanas,
K.,
N. Zingler, et al. (2007). "Determinants for DNA target
structure selectivity of the human LINE-1 retrotransposon
endonuclease." Nucleic Acids Res 35(14): 4914-4926.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626046.
Rouchka,
E.,
D. E. Montoya-Durango, et al. (2010). "Assessment of genetic
variation for the LINE-1 retrotransposon from next
generation sequence data." BMC Bioinformatics 11 Suppl 9: S12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044359.
Santangelo,
A.
M., F. S. de Souza, et al. (2007). "Ancient exaptation of a
CORE-SINE retroposon into a highly conserved mammalian
neuronal enhancer of the proopiomelanocortin gene." PLoS
Genet 3(10):
1813-1826. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17922573.
Sasaki,
T., H. Nishihara, et al. (2008). "Possible involvement of
SINEs in mammalian-specific brain formation." Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 105(11):
4220-4225. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18334644.
Schmidt,
T. (1999). "LINEs, SINEs and repetitive DNA: non-LTR
retrotransposons in plant genomes." Plant Mol Biol 40(6): 903-910. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527415.
Sezutsu,
H.,
E. Nitasaka, et al. (1995). "Evolution of the LINE-like I
element in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup." Mol
Gen Genet 249(2):
168-178. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7500938.
Sheen,
F. M., S. T. Sherry, et al. (2000). "Reading between the
LINEs: human genomic variation induced by LINE-1
retrotransposition." Genome Res 10(10): 1496-1508.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11042149.
Singer,
T., M. J. McConnell, et al. (2010). "LINE-1
retrotransposons: mediators of somatic variation in neuronal
genomes?" Trends Neurosci 33(8): 345-354. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20471112.
St
Laurent, G., 3rd, N. Hammell, et al. (2010). "A LINE-1
component to human aging: do LINE elements exact a longevity
cost for evolutionary advantage?" Mech Ageing Dev 131(5): 299-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20346965.
Suzuki,
J., K. Yamaguchi, et al. (2009). "Genetic evidence that the
non-homologous end-joining repair pathway is involved in
LINE retrotransposition." PLoS Genet 5(4): e1000461. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390601.
Szafranski,
K.,
G. Glockner, et al. (1999). "Non-LTR retrotransposons with
unique integration preferences downstream of Dictyostelium
discoideum tRNA genes." Mol Gen Genet 262(4-5): 772-780.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10628860.
Tashiro,
K.,
A. Teissier, et al. (2011). "A Mammalian Conserved Element
Derived from SINE Displays Enhancer Properties
Recapitulating Satb2 Expression in Early-Born Callosal
Projection Neurons." PLoS One 6(12): e28497. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174821.
Veniaminova,
N.
A., N. S. Vassetzky, et al. (2007). "B1 SINEs in different
rodent families." Genomics\ 89\(6\): 678-686\.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17433864\.
Wallace,
N., B. J. Wagstaff, et al. (2008). "LINE-1 ORF1 protein
enhances Alu SINE retrotransposition." Gene 419(1-2): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18534786.
Walters-Conte,
K.
B., D. L. Johnson, et al. (2011). "Carnivore-specific SINEs
(Can-SINEs): distribution, evolution, and genomic impact." J
Hered 102
Suppl 1: S2-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846743.
Wang,
H., J. Xing, et al. (2005). "SVA elements: a
hominid-specific retroposon family." J Mol Biol 354(4): 994-1007.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16288912.
Watanabe,
M.,
K. Kobayashi, et al. (2005). "Founder SVA retrotransposal
insertion in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy and
its origin in Japanese and Northeast Asian populations." Am
J Med Genet A 138(4):
344-348. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222679.
Yu,
F., N. Zingler, et al. (2001). "Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2
represses LINE-1 expression and retrotransposition but not
Alu transcription." Nucleic Acids Res 29(21): 4493-4501.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691937.
Zingler,
N.,
U. Willhoeft, et al. (2005). "Analysis of 5' junctions of
human LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposons suggests an
alternative model for 5'-end attachment requiring
microhomology-mediated end-joining." Genome Res 15(6): 780-789. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15930490.